C++ is rather tough language, because of all the low-level concepts you need to grasp.
For the environment, I'd recomment either Windows + VisualStudio or (better) - unix-like system with all the toolset (e.g. GCC). Unixes are harder to start with, but you'll get much more from learning these environments.
As for the sources - Codeacademy, Coderbytes, GeeksForGeeks (for learning about data structures and algorithms).
I'd say it'll take you around 2 years of regular work (it doesn't have to be intense, but it has to be regular) to make it and to feel comfortable in the language.